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The Scholar Gipsy
"The Scholar Gipsy" (1853) is a poem by Matthew Arnold, based on a 17th-century Oxford story found in Joseph Glanvill's ''The Vanity of Dogmatizing'' (1661, etc.). It has often been called one of the best and most popular of Arnold's poems,〔R. C. Churchill ''English Literature of the Nineteenth Century'' (London: University Tutorial Press, 1951) p. 140; Mary Moorman ''Poets and Historians: A Family Inheritance'' (Lincoln: Tennyson Society, 1974) p. 11; A. G. George ''Studies in Poetry'' (London: Heinemann Educational, 1971) p. 262.〕 and is also familiar to music-lovers through Ralph Vaughan Williams' choral work ''An Oxford Elegy'', which sets lines from this poem and from its companion-piece, "Thyrsis".〔Michael Kennedy ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980) p. 472.〕
== The original story ==
Arnold prefaces the poem with an extract from Glanvill which tells the story of an impoverished Oxford student who left his studies to join a band of gipsies, and so ingratiated himself with them that they told him many of the secrets of their trade. After some time he was discovered and recognised by two of his former Oxford associates, who learned from him that the gipsies "had a traditional kind of learning among them, and could do wonders by the power of imagination, their fancy binding that of others." When he had learned everything that the gipsies could teach him, he said, he would leave them and give an account of these secrets to the world.
In 1929 Marjorie Hope Nicolson identified the original of this mysterious figure as the Flemish alchemist Francis Mercury van Helmont.〔The Real Scholar Gipsy by Marjorie Nicolson in ''Yale Review'' vol. 18 (1929) pp. 347–363.〕
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